From which the velocity of wave propagation may be deduced by substituting f 1. Feb 29, 2020 if a wave is uniform over a plane, then possible directions of propagation are the two directions perpendicular to the plane. If and have the same phase but different magnitude we have linear polarization of the field with the polarization vector making an angle with and magnitude. Pdf the wave equation and general plane wave solutions in. The wavelength of the em wave is changed in the input section of the script and should be in the range for visible light 380 nm to 780 nm. Chapter 9 treats the propagation of plane waves in vacuum and simple media, at planar boundaries, and in combinations confined between sets of planar boundaries, as in waveguides or.
A medium that is regarded as good conductor at low frequency may be a good dielectric at high frequencies. The wave travels a distance equal to one wavelength in one time period. If dedt nonzero dddt is nonzero curl of h is nonzero h is nonzero if h is a function of time e. Recall that in a wave of amplitude a and frequency.
Pdf propagation of plane waves and their reflection at. Figure 2 electromagnetic waves propagate at the speed of light in a vacuum. Line of sight ground wave or direct wave is propagation of waves travelling in a straight line. A discussion of sound waves and their propagation can begin with an examination of a plane wave of a single frequency passing through the air. Electromagnetic waves maxwells equations predict the propagation. Kshetrimayum 3192014 denotes either an electric or magnetic field f is a notation for field not for the force. We have learned about wave propagation guided propagation skywave f3 3 mhz cable transmission line reflected wave constructive parameters standing waves wave equation time representation phasor representation propagation constant we have been assuming tem waves. Planewave propagation in electromagnetic pq medium. In physics, a plane wave is a special case of wave or field. The wave is propagating in free space in x direction with components. The maximum electric field is found to be 5 times the minimum field. A plane wave is an idealization that allows one to think of the entire wave traveling in a single direction, instead of spreading out in all directions.
In general, for propagation of wave, characteristics of any medium doesnt only depend on the parameters, but also on frequency of operation. When the propagation is guided by a material structure. The term is also used, even more specifically, to mean a monochromatic or sinusoidal plane wave. Cozens optical guided waves and devices 1 electromagnetic fields and plane waves 2. Electromagnetic wave equation in free space duration. Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel. Uniform plane waves derivation engineering libretexts. Chapter 9 treats the propagation of plane waves in vacuum and simple. Plane electromagnetic waves and wave propagation 7. For such a plane wave penetrating the fresh water, the total power loss is the sum of the transmission loss and propagation loss. Furthermore, it is a plane wave because the wave maxima, which are located at 30 where is an integer, consist of a series of parallel planes, normal to the axis, which are equally spaced a distance apart, and propagate along the positive axis at the velocity. A plane electromagnetic wave propagating in free space is incident normally on a large slab of loss less, non magnetic, dielectric material with 0. If a wave is uniform over a plane, then possible directions of propagation are the two directions perpendicular to the plane. Plane wave propagation in the general pq medium is studied and the quartic dispersion equation is derived in.
Maxima and minima are observed when the electric field is measured in front of the slab. In addition, the wave is transverse because both fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Electromagnetic wave propagation complex permittivity. Uniform plane waves propagation in free space starting with point form of maxwells equations for time varying fields in free space. Electromagnetic waves propagation watch more videos at lecture by. Line of sight, ground wave, sky wave ground wave is a surface wave that propagates close to the surface of the earth. In any current course on wave propagation, it seemed essential to.
Propagation of waves rit center for imaging science. A plane wave is a solution of the propagation equation that propagates in an. For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a vacuum as well as in a material medium. This section introduces the fundamentals of a uniform plane wave and analyzes its propagation characteristics. Simple derivation of electromagnetic waves from maxwells equations by lynda williams, santa rosa junior college physics department assume that the electric and magnetic fields are constrained to the y and z directions, respectfully, and that they are both functions of only x and t.
Therefore, for a plane wave, the amplitude is constant. A numerical model of a plane wave propagating in free space should be created. A simple propagating wave, which adequately represents wave propagation often encountered in real situations, is a uniform plane wave. Hirschberg eindhoven university of technology 28 nov 2019 this is an extended and revised edition of iwde 9206. Chapter 6 planewave propagation we have seen that a timevarying electric field et produces a timevarying magnetic field ht and, conversely, a timevarying magnetic field produces a timevarying electric field. In free space, the plane wave propagates with velocity cin direction of the wave vector k kx,ky,kz. Chapter maxwells equations and electromagnetic waves. Its name refers to the shape of a wave front constant phase surfaces, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of a propagating wave. In the absence of free charge and current densities the maxwell equations are.
Consequently, electromagnetic theory was modified by maxwell. Electromagnetic wave propagation complex permittivity, loss. Jan 04, 2018 electromagnetic waves propagation watch more videos at lecture by. Plane wave propagation in the general pq medium is studied and the quartic dispersion equation is. Lecture notes wave propagation mechanical engineering. Electromagnetic wave propagation complex permittivity, loss tangent, intrinsic impedance, skin depth, skin effect etc. Plane wave excitation examples cst microwave studio. Parameters of free space are identical with vacuum. A plane wave is a wave that propagates through space as a plane, rather than as a sphere. The direction of propagation is perpendicular to the electric and magnetic field vectors. Electromagnetic wave equation in free space uniform plane wave solutions of the wave equation energy and power of electromagnetic waves ece 303 fall 2007 farhan rana cornell university basic wave motion v. In other mediums, like air or glass, the speed of propagation is slower. Plane wave article about plane wave by the free dictionary.
If you travel a lot, you can easily download antenna and wave propagation by k d prasad free download pdf to read on the plane or the commuter train, whereas print books are heavy and bulky. When these vectors coincide in direction, the plane wave is termed homogeneous. Plane wave propagation in electromagnetic pq medium. Simple answer to this question is a wave whose wavefronts surfaces of constant phase are infinite parallel planes normal to the direction of propagation is called a plane wave. Hf radio communication between 3 and 30 mhz is a result of skywave propagation. Waveguide notes 2020 electromagnetic waves in free space.
Wave propagation in dielectric media waves propagation in conductive media ece 303 fall 2005 farhan rana cornell university. The spatial period of the wave the distance between two successive points of identical phase is. The polarization of the plane wave describes the relative direction, magnitude, and phase of the electric part of the wave. We know that our trial solution satisfies the wave equation in our sourcefree region because our solution is the. Pressure waves p wave or shear waves sh or svwaves are phenomena that were first characterized within the field of classical seismology, and are now considered fundamental concepts in modern seismic tomography. With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal wave and transverse waves. Electric and magnetic field are perpendicular to each other no electric or magnetic field in the direction of propagation transverse electromagnetic wave. In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude. Pdf planewave propagation in electromagnetic pq medium. What we have here is an example of a plane wave since at any instant bothe. If the magnetic field phasor of a plane wave traveling in a medium with. The transverse coordinates will be chosen to match the crosssectional shape of the guide cartesian for a rectangular guide and polar for a circular guide. General plane wave solution to the wave equation for fields in sourcefree and lossless media is obtained in fractional space. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left.
Pdf sphericalwave and planewave propagators researchgate. Sky wave skip hop ionospheric wave is the propagation of radio waves bent refracted back to the earths surface by the ionosphere. For example, an electromagnetic wave in the farfield region of. Pdf plane wave excitation examples cst microwave studio. For a plane wave in free space we know the efield and hfield phasors to be.
Consider electromagnetic wave propagation in a sourcefree, lossless, unbounded medium. Tem wave the value of the magnetic field is equal to the magnitude of 7 electromagnetic field theory by r. Direction of propagation is in z e is in r direction. Since we previously established that the electric and magnetic field vectors must lie in the plane, we also conclude. Simple derivation of electromagnetic waves from maxwells. Constructive and destructive interference result from the interaction of waves that are correlated or coherent with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency. This will result in a linearly polarized plane wave travelling. Plane waves as we have just seen, a wave of amplitude, wavenumber. The plane wave case corresponds to simple problems but the results obtained can be. Whitham tata institute of fundamental research bombay 1979. In this section, we model a plane wave impinging on an airwater interface assuming the depth of water is infinite see.